Second law of Thermodynamics
Second law of Thermodynamics
The 2nd law of thermodynamics states, “All spontaneous process leads to the increase in entropy of the universe.” In case of isolated system, the change in entropy of the system is the total entropy change. So, the process will be spontaneous when the entropy of a system increases. In case of open system, the change in entropy of both system and surrounding is required. However the system being very complex, the entropy change cannot be measured so, the entropy change of the system is only measured for open system. So, in terms of entropy change of system the criteria for spontancity is, ?S = +ve Spontaneous ?S = -ve non-spontaneous ?S = o equilibrium However, there is some spontaneous process that occurs by decrease in entropy. Eg. Stretched rubber band loose rubber band Normal egg ? hard boiled egg H2(g) + Cl2(g) ? 2HCl (g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) ? C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2(g) This examples show that entropy change alone is not an enough criteria for spontaneity. So, we need a thermodynamic function that encooperates both enthalpy and entropy.